ksK‡ii
A‰ØZev` ev †Kejv‰ØZev`
Dc¯’vcbv : wcÖÝ mœvj I cÖ`xc gªs
1g el©, 1g †mwg÷vi - 2013|
DcµgwYKv
A‰ØZev` GKwU AwZ cÖPxb `vk©wbK gZev`| G gZev‡`i mv‡_ ksKivPv‡h©i bvg
we‡klfv‡e RwoZ Ges A‡b‡Ki g‡Z, ksKivPvh©B A‰ØZev` gZev‡`i cÖeZ©K, hw`I
ksKi-c~e© hy‡MI Gi Drm Luy‡R cvIqv hvq| Aek¨ G K_v ¯^xKvh© †h, A‰ØZev‡`i cÖPvi
Ges cÖwZôvi g~‡j whwb KvR K‡i‡Qb, wZwb n‡”Qb
ksKivPvh©| mvaviY gvby‡li Kv‡Q ksKivPv‡h©i gZev`B n‡”Q A‰ØZev`|
mswÿß cwiPq
ksKivPvh© gvÎ 32 eQi RxweZ wQ‡jb| wKš‘ GB Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ wZwb †h
`vk©wbK cÖwZfvi cwiPq †i‡L †M‡Qb Zv AZzjbxq| Wqmb (Deussen), fvÊviKi Ges
MvVK, Zuv‡`i g‡Z ksKivPv‡h©i RxebKvj wQj 788 wLªóvã †_‡K 820 wLªóvã ch©šÍ| [1]
wZwb `wÿY fvi‡Zi †Kij iv‡óª b¤^yix eªvþY es‡k ˆekvLx ïK¬ cÂgx wZw_‡Z wÎev¼z‡ii
AšÍM©Z Kvjvwo bvgK MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg wke¸iæ Ges gvZvi bvg
wewkóv| Kw_Z Av‡Q, gvÎ AvU eQi eq‡m wZwb m¤ú~Y© †e` Aa¨qb K‡iwQ‡jb Ges H eq‡mB
msmvi Z¨vM K‡ib| M„nZ¨vMx nIqvi ci wZwb bg©`v b`xi Zx‡i G‡m †mLv‡b ˆe`yh©gwY
ce©‡Zi ¸nvq mvaYviZ †Mvwe›`cv` bv‡g R‰bK ˆe`vwšÍ‡Ki wkl¨ nb| cieZ©x‡Z wZwb
†mLvb †_‡K Kvkx Ges e`wiKvkª‡g Mgb K‡ib| ksKivPvh© AZzjbxq `vk©wbK cÖwZfv,
¶ziavi eyw× I Acwi‡gq Kg©`ÿZvi AwaKvix wQ‡jb| mgmvgwqK eû cwÊZ‡K wZwb evK&
hy‡× civwRZ K‡ib| Kw_Z Av‡Q, gÊbwgkª Zuvi m‡½ Z‡K© civwRZ n‡q Zuvi wkl¨Z¡ MÖnY
K‡ib Ges my‡ik¦ivPvh© bvg cwiwPZ nb| GQvovI Zuvi Ab¨ wZbRb wk‡l¨i bvg nj cÙcv`,
n¯ÍvgjK Ges †ZvUK| GB PviRb wkl¨ cieZx©‡Z A‰ØZ `k©‡bi Dci A‡bK fvl¨ iPbv K‡ib|
Dcwbl` I eªþmy‡Îi Dci Zuvi `k©b cÖwZwôZ n‡jI Dcwbl` I eªþmy‡Îi e¨vL¨vi mgq wZwb
†Kvb ag©wek¦v‡mi Øviv cÖfvweZ nbwb| myÿ hyw³i mvnv‡h¨ wZwb Zv‡`i Dci †h `vk©wbK
†mŠa wbg©vY K‡i †M‡Qb Zv hyM hyM a‡i mK‡ji we¯§q I kª×vi D‡`ªK K‡i‡Q|
ksKivPv‡h©i iwPZ MÖš’mg~n
ksK‡ii iwPZ fvl¨MÖš’ †gvU †lvjwU| h_v- Ck, †Kb, KV, cÖkœ, g~ÊK,
gvÊyK¨, Qv‡›`vM¨, e„n`viY¨K, †k¦Zvk¦i, ˆZwËixq Ges HZ¨‡iq cÖf„wZ Dcwbl‡`i Dci
fvl¨ iPbv K‡ib| GQvovI Zuvi Ab¨vb¨ †¯ÍvÎMÖ‡š’i bvg nj- †gvngy`&Mi, AvZ¥‡eva,
`k‡køvKx, Dc‡`kmvnmªx Ges Ac‡ivÿbyf’wZ|
RMr m¤ú‡K©
ksK‡ii gZev` ev gvqvev` (Sankara’s Conception of the World
or Mayabad)
ksK‡ii g‡Z, RMr wg_¨v| RM‡Zi †Kvb mËv †bB| G RMr gvqvi m„wó| G RMr
¯^cœ`ªó e¯‘ ev åg cÖZ¨‡ÿi e¯‘i b¨vq wg_¨v Aefvm gvÎ| Zuvi g‡Z, RMr †h wg_¨vi
gvqvi m„wó, †e` I Dcwbl‡` Gi ¯úó Bw½Z cvIqv hvq| F‡M¦‡` ejv n‡q‡Q, ÒB›`ª
gvqvwft c~Y©iƒc Cq‡ZÓ, A_©vr B›`ª gvqvi mvnv‡h¨ bvbvwea iƒc aviY K‡i| e„n`viY¨K
Dcwbl‡`I Gi ¯^xK…wZ i‡q‡Q| †k¦Zvk¦i Dcwbl‡` my¯úófv‡e ejv n‡q‡Q †h, RM‡Zi m„wó
Ck¦‡ii gvqv †_‡K| myZivs G RMr wg_¨v gvqv ˆe wKQzB bq|
GLb cÖkœ n‡jv, RMr †h gvqvi m„wó, Zvi ¯^iƒc wK? Dˇi ksKi e‡jb, G
gvqv eª‡þiB GK Awbe©Pbxq kw³| G kw³ Rv`yK‡ii Rv`ykw³i b¨vq gvbyl‡K åvwšÍ‡Z
†di‡Z cv‡i| Rv`yKi †hgb Zvi Rv`ykw³i Øviv GKUzK‡iv KMR‡K GKwU e¨vsK †bvwU
(UvKvq) cwiYZ K‡i gvbyl‡K †auvKv w`‡q cÖZvwiZ K‡i _v‡K, †Zgwbfv‡e eªþI Zuvi
gvqvkw³e‡j AmZ¨ RMr‡K wbixn gvby‡li Kv‡Q mZ¨ e‡j cÖwZcbœ K‡i| Rv`yK‡ii nv‡Zi
GKUzK‡iv KMR‡K GKwU e¨v¼ †bvU wn‡m‡e †`L‡Z cvevi KiY n‡jv Zvi AÁZv ev Áv‡bi
Afve| Z`ªæc ejv P‡j †h, eª‡þi gvqvkw³ RMr †`Lvq; Avi mvaviY AÁ gvbyl Zv‡K ev¯Íe
e‡j cÖZ¨ÿ K‡i| e¯‘Z RMr wg_¨v| ksKi AviI e‡jb, Rv`yKi †hgb Zvi evKPvZziZvc~Y©
Rv`y w`‡q Ab¨ Av‡iK Rb Rv`yKi‡K weåvwšÍ‡Z †dj‡Z cv‡i bv| eªþI Z`ªæc Zvi
gvqvkw³e‡j †Kv‡bv ZË¡Ávbm¤úbœ gvbyl‡K åvwšÍ‡Z †dj‡Z cv‡ib bv| ZË¡Ávbx e¨w³ Zuvi
ZË¡Ávb Øviv Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡ib †h, GKgvÎ eª‡þiB mËv Av‡Q, RMr ev Avi Kv‡iv †Kvb
mËv †bB|
GLb ¯^fveZB Av‡iKwU cÖkœ `uvovq †h, RMr e‡j hw` wKQzi Aw¯ÍZ¡ bv †_‡K
_v‡K ev RMr hw` wg_¨A gvqv n‡q _v‡K, Zvn‡j Zv mZ¨ e‡j cÖwZfvZ nq †Kb? G cÖ‡kœi
mgvav‡b ksKivPvh© Zuvi gvqvev‡`i AeZviYv K‡ib| Zuvi g‡Z, RMr mZ¨ ev mr bq| Z‡e
GUv mZ¨iƒ‡c cÖwZfvZ nq| Avi G cÖwZfvZ nIqvwU GKwU Aefvm gvÎ (Mere
appearance) | e¯‘Z RMr gvqvi m„wó| G †ÿ‡Î
Avevi cÖkœ `uvovq, ÔgvqvÕ wK? Dˇi ksKi e‡jb †h, ÔgvqvÕ GK AeY©bxq kw³| RM‡Zi
g‡Zv gvqvI mZ¨ ev mr bq|
gvqv‡K mvaviY gvby‡li Kv‡Q
†evaMg¨ Kivi Rb¨ ksKivPvh© ‰`bw›`b Rxe‡bi Aa¨vm cÖZ¨ÿY (Illusion) Gi e¨envi K‡ib| †hgb - AÜKv‡i Avgiv hLb k¥kv‡bi †MB‡Ui
wcjvi‡K f~Z e‡j cÖZÿY Kwi, ZLb Avgv‡`i G cÖZ¨ÿ fzj cÖZ¨ÿ ev åg cÖZ¨ÿY| GLv‡b
†MB‡Ui wcjv‡i f~Z Av‡ivc KivB n‡jv Aa¨vm ev åg cÖZ¨ÿY| G cªKvi åg cÖZ¨ÿ‡Y
†Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv Awaôvb ev mZ¨ e¯‘ _v‡K ( G †ÿ‡Î †MB‡Ui wcjviB Awaôvb), †h
Awaôv‡bi Dci Ab¨ wKQzi Avwef©ve Kíbv Kiv nq| †hgb - GLv‡b f~ZB Kíbv| G fzj ev
åg cÖZ¨ÿ‡Yi KviY n‡jv Awe`¨v ev AÁvb (Ignorance)| G Awe`¨vi Kvi‡YB gvbyl eªþ‡K RMr e‡j fzj K‡i|
ksK‡ii g‡Z, Awe`¨vq `ywU kw³
we`¨gvb| h_v - AveiY kw³ Ges we‡ÿcY kw³| Awe`¨v Zvi AveiY kw³i
mvnv‡h¨ cÖ_‡g Ave„Ë K‡i †mUv‡K Avgv‡`i `„wói Avovj K‡i iv‡L| (†hgb D³ D`vni‡Yi
†ÿ‡Î †MBU‡K Avovj K‡i †i‡L‡Q) Ges c‡i we‡ÿcY kw³i mvnv‡h¨ wg_¨v e¯‘‡K m„wó K‡i
(GLv‡b †hgb f~Z-Gi m„wó K‡i‡Q)| ksK‡ii g‡Z, GKBfv‡e RM‡ZiI e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq|
Avgiv mvaviY gvbyl Avgv‡`i Awe`¨vekZ eªþ‡K RMr e‡j fzj Kwi| G Awe`¨v gvby‡li
KvQ †_‡K eªþ‡K Avovj K‡i Zvi ¯’‡j RMr‡K we‡ÿc K‡i Ges gvbyl RMr‡K mZ¨ e‡j fzj
K‡i|
ksKivPv‡h©i g‡Z, RMr eª‡þi
cwiYvg bq, RMr eª‡þi weeZ©| G K_vwU Dcjwä Ki‡Z n‡j Rvbv `iKvi †h, weeZ© ev
weeZ©b Ges cwiYvg ej‡Z wK eySvq? †h gZev` Abymv‡i KviY KL‡bv Kv‡h© cwiYZ nq bv,
Kvh©iƒ‡c cÖwZfvZ nq gvÎ, Zv‡K ejv nq AveZ© ev weeZ©bev`| Avi †h gZev` Abyhvqx
KviY cÖK„ZB Kv‡h© cwiYZ nq, Zv‡K ejv nq cwiYvgev`| †hgb- Qvbv `y‡ai h_v_©
cwiYvg| cwiYvgev`x‡`i g‡Z, m„wói c~‡e© RMr Ae¨³ Ae¯’vq wQj Ges m„wói ga¨‡g Ae¨³
RMr eª‡þ Kvh©iƒ‡c cÖKvwkZ nq| ksKi G g‡Zi we‡ivwaZv K‡i e‡jb †h, eªþ RM‡Z cwiYZ
nb bv, RMriƒ‡c cÖwZfvZ nb gvÎ| †hgb- k¥kv‡bi †M‡U hLb f~‡Zi åg cÖZ¨ÿ nq, ZLb
†MUwU f~‡Z cwiYZ nq bv, f~Z e‡j cÖwZfvZ nq gvÎ|
DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbv †_‡K †`Lv
hv‡”Q †h, ksKi RMr‡K wg_¨v gvqv e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| GLv‡b cÖkœ `uvovq, †Kvb
`„wó‡Z RMr wg_¨v? ksK‡ii g‡Z, `ywU `„wófw½i Dc¯’vcb K‡i G cÖ‡kœi mgvavb †`qv
hvq| h_v- cvigvw_©K `„wófw½ Ges e¨envwiK `„wófw½| Zuvi g‡Z, †h `„wófw½
Ávb-cÖm~Z, Zv n‡”Q cvigvw_©K `„wófw½| G cvigvw_©K `„wófw½‡Z RMr wg_¨v, GKgvÎ
eªþB mZ¨| cÿvšÍ‡i †h `„wófw½ AÁvb-cÖm~Z, Zv e¨envwiK `„wófw½ Ges G e¨envwiK
`„wófw½‡Z RMr mZ¨ Ges eªþ Zvi `ªóv, iÿK I msnviK|
e¨envwiK `„wófw½‡Z
RMr-m„wóµ‡gi e¨vL¨vq ejv hvq †h, eªþ †_‡K cÖ_‡g Avwef©ve N‡U AvKv‡ki| Gi ci
ch©vqµ‡g Avwef©ve N‡U evqy, AwMœ, Ac I wÿwZi| AvKvk, AwMœ, Ac I wÿwZ‡K ejv nq
cÂZb¥vÎ| G¸‡jvi mswgkªY †_‡K m„wó nq cÂgnvf~‡Zi| †hgb- AvKvk gnvf~Z †_‡K m„wó
nq A‡a©K AvKvk-Zb¥vÎ, GK Aóvsk evqy-Zb¥vÎ, GK AvUvsk AwMœ-Zb¥vÎ, GK AvUvsk
Ac-Zb¥vÎ Ges GK AvUvsk wÿwZ- Zb¥v‡Îi mswgkª‡Yi d‡j| Acivci gnvf~Z¸‡jvi m„wóI
wVK GKBfv‡e msNwUZ nq| A_©¨r †h †Kvb GKwU gnvf~‡Zi m„wó nq, Zvi Zb¥v‡Îi A‡a©K
Ask Ges Acivci Zb¥vθ‡jvi GK GKwUi Aóvs‡ki mswgkª‡Y| Zb¥vθ‡jvi Giƒc mswgkªY‡K
ejv nq cÂxKiY| gvby‡li ¯’~j †`nmn mg¯Í ¯’~j `ªe¨ G cuvPwU cÂf~‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ MwVZ
nq| gvby‡li m~² †`nI G cÂZb¥v‡Îi Øviv MwVZ| ksK‡ii g‡Z, RMr wg_¨v gvqv n‡jI
RM‡Zi G wg_¨vZ¡ wKš‘ ¯^‡cœi g‡Zv AjxK ev cÖwZfvwmK wg_¨v bq| RMr n‡jv cvigvw_©K
wg_¨v| cvigvw_©K `„wó‡Z GKgvÎ eªþB mZ¨| cÿvšÍ‡i e¨envwiK `„wó‡Z RMr mZ¨| G w`K
†_‡K wePvi Ki‡j ksK‡ii gvqvev` Z_v RMr m¤úK©xq gZev` †eŠ× `k©‡bi weÁvbev` I
¸Yev` †_‡K ¯^vZ‡š¿i `vwe iv‡L Ges ksKivPvh©‡K GKRb e¯‘ ¯^vZš¿ev`x `vk©wbK ejv
P‡j|
ksK‡ii eªþ welqK gZve` (Sankar’s
Conception of God)
ÔeªþÕ kãwUi kãg~j Ôe„n&Õ|
Ôe„n&Õ A_© Ôe„a&'- e„w× ev cÖmvwiZ nIqv, e„nr nIqv| e„n& +
gb& = eªþ| ÔeªþÕ kãwUi ey¨rcwË K¬xewj½ Ôeªþb&Õ kã n‡Z D™f‚Z| ey¨rwËMZ
A_©: e„n‡Zi †PZbv ev kw³| eªþ g~jZt †PZbvi we‡õviY| eª‡þi †PZbvq ùzwiZ nq
evK&| eªþ Ges evK& Awfbœ| ÔeªvþYÕ kãwU cyswj½evPK, A_©- ÔeªvþwerÕ| j¨vwZb
‘Verbum’
kãwUi m‡½ kãg~‡ji wePv‡i ÔeªþÕ k‡ãi wgj
i‡q‡Q| ‘Verbum’
kãwUi Bs‡iRx iƒcvšÍi ‘Word’, m„Rbkxj kã ev Logos| †h A‡_© ÔevK&' A_ev kã n‡Z m„wó m¤¢e n‡q‡Q| cieª‡þi
Rxe Ges RM‡Zi m„wó, w¯’wZ Ges j‡qi cÖwZ †Kvb cÖKvi AvKl©Y wKsev AbyivM †bB| Ôm¸Y
eªþÕ cÖRvcwZ (Lord), wR‡nvev (Jehovah), Avjøvn Ges Ck¦i (God), wcZv A_ev cÖwZcvjK e¨w³‡Z¡i A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q|
ksKivPv‡h©i g‡Z, GKgvÎ eªþB
mZ¨ Ges GKgvÎ eª‡þiB mËv i‡q‡Q| RMr ev Avi †Kvb wKQzi mËv †bB| eª‡þi ¯^iƒc
Av‡jvPbvq wZwb e‡jb, eªþ wbZ¨, ï×, ey× I gy³| eªþ Amxg, AbšÍ I wb¸©Y| eªþ Ges
AvZ¥vi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ †bB| wZwb e‡jb, ÔAvZ¥v P eªþÕ, A_©vr AvZ¥vB eªþ| Zuvi
g‡Z, meB eªþ (me©s Lwj¦`s eªþ)| RMr cÖPÂ mZ¨ bq, wg_¨v Aefvm gvÎ| eªþB GKgvÎ
mZ¨| RxeB eªþ, eªþvB me; Rxe Ges eªþ Afxbœ| ZvB RxevZ¥vB eªþ|
ksKivPv‡h©i g‡Z, eªþ mr, wPr
Ges Avb›`¯^iƒc| eªþ mr gv‡b wZwb Amr bb, eªþ wPr gv‡b wZwb Ro bb Ges eªþ Avb›`
¯^iƒc- G K_vi A_© n‡jv wZwb `ytL ¯^iƒc bb| wZwb AviI e‡jb †h, eªþ wbwe©‡k‡l,
A_©vr Zuvi †Kvb we‡kl †bB| ZvB eªþ‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Z †M‡j wZwb wK- G K_v bv e‡j ej‡Z
n‡e wZwb wK bb| A_©vr wZwb GUv bb, †mUv bb BZ¨vw`i mvnv‡h¨ eªþ‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z nq|
ksK‡ii g‡Z, `yÕw`K †_‡K eª‡þi
eY©bv Kiv hvq| h_v- e¨envwiK `„wó‡Z
Ges cvigvw_©K `„wó‡Z|
e¨envwiK `„wó‡Z eªþB RMr
mªóv, RM‡Zi iÿKZ©v Ges RMr msnviK| G `„wó‡Z eªþ bvbvwea ¸‡Yi mgš^q| †hgb- eªþ
me©Á, me©kw³gvb I me©Î weivRgvb cyiæl| Gme ¸Y wewkó eªþ‡KB ksKi m¸Y eªþ ev Ck¦i
e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi g‡Z, G Ck¦‡iiB c~Rv-AP©bv nq| ksK‡ii g‡Z, mªóv ev eªþB
GKgvÎ mZ¨, RMr wg_¨v Aefvm gvÎ| Avgv‡`i AÁZvi Kvi‡YB Avgiv RMr‡K mZ¨ e‡j g‡b
Kwi Ges eªþ‡K RMr mªóv e‡j _vwK| eª‡þi G ai‡bi eY©bv Zuvi ¯^iƒc jÿ‡Yi (Essence) eY©bv bq, Zuvi AevšÍi ev Aev¯Íe jÿ‡Yi (Accidental
quality) eY©bv|
cvigvw_©K `„wó‡Z, eªþ
RMr mªóv, RMr iÿK ev RMr msnviK- Gi wKQzB bb| eªþ wbivKvi I wb¸©Y GK mËv| G
`„wó‡Z eªþ mZ¨, Ávb I AbšÍ| GUv eª‡þi ¯^iƒc jÿY| Dcwbl‡` eª‡þi `ywU iƒ‡ci K_v
D‡jøL Av‡Q, h_v- cieªþ n‡jv m¸Y eªþ|
ksK‡ii g‡Z, eª‡þi †Kv‡bv †f`
†bB| †f` wZb cÖKvi- ¯^RvZxq †f`, weRvZxq †f` Ges ¯^MZ †f`| GKB RvZxq `ywU Rx‡ei ga¨Kvi †f` n‡”Q mRvZxq †f`| †hgb-
A‡÷ªwjqvb Ges evsjv‡`kxq Mvfxi ga¨Kvi †f`| `ywU wfbœ RvZxq Rx‡ei ga¨Kvi †h †f`,
Zv n‡”Q weRvZxq †f`| †hgb- Miæ I ev‡Ni ga¨Kvi †f`| Avevi GKB Rx‡ei †`‡ni wewfbœ
As‡ki ga¨Kvi †f` n‡”Q ¯^MZ †f`| †hgb- GKwU wms‡ni †`‡ni wewfbœ As‡ki ga¨Kvi
†f`| ksK‡ii g‡Z, D³ wZb cÖKvi †f‡`i †Kv‡bv cÖKvi †f`B eª‡þi †bB| eª‡þi Am`„k¨
†Kv‡bv e¯‘I †bB e‡j eª‡þi †Kv‡bv weRvZxq †f`I †bB| Avevi eªþ †h‡nZz wbivKvi,
†m‡nZz e„‡þi †Kv‡bv ¯^MZ †f‡`i wPšÍvB Kiv hvq bv| Kv‡RB eªþ mKj †f`v‡f‡`i
D‡aŸ©|
ksKi eª‡þi ¯^iƒc jÿY Ges
AevšÍi ev Aev¯Íe jÿY welqwU‡K eySvevi Rb¨ eª‡þi mv‡_ Rv`yK‡ii ZzjbvwU Zz‡j a‡i
e‡jb †h, Rv`yK‡ii Rv`yi †Ljv †`‡L mvaviY gvbyl AÁZvekZ cÖZvwiZ n‡q Rv`yKi‡K Zvi
cÖKvwkZ NUbvi mªóv g‡b K‡i| wKš‘ weÁ e¨w³MY Rv`yK‡ii PvjevwR eyS‡Z cv‡ib e‡j
Rv`yKi‡K Zvi cÖ`wk©Z NUbvi mªóv e‡j g‡b K‡ib bv| †Zgwbfv‡e hviv RMr‡K mZ¨ e‡j
g‡b K‡i, Zviv AÁZvekZ eªþ‡K RMrmªóviƒ‡c wek¦vm K‡i| wKš‘ huviv (ZË¡Ávbxiv)
RMr‡K Aefvm e‡j Rvbvb, Zuv‡`i Kv‡Q m„wóI †bB, mªóvI †bB| ZvB Zuviv eªþ‡K
RMrmªóv e‡j fzj K‡ib bv|
Dcwbl‡` D‡jøL Av‡Q †h, eªþ
wek¦MZ I wek¦vZxZ| Dcwbl‡`i G Dw³i e¨vL¨vq ksKi e‡jb †h, hZÿY ch©šÍ RMr cÖ-cÂ
we`¨gvb _v‡K ZZÿY RMr eª‡þB AwawôZ _v‡K Ges eªng& wek¦MZ nb| †hgb- fzj
ÁvbekZ wg_¨v mc© iwk‡Z AwawôZ _v‡K Ges iwk I mvc‡K Awfbœ g‡b nq| G †ÿ‡Î mvc
†hgb iwk‡K †Kv‡bv cÖKvi KjywlZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, Av‡jvi mvÿv‡Z iwk †_‡K wg_¨v mvc
(mc©åg) †hgb wejyß nq| †Zgwbfv‡e ZË¡ Ávbx e¨w³i wbKU RMr cÖcÂI we`¨gvb _v‡K bv
Ges eªþ ¯^iƒ‡c AwawôZ nb| myZivs weÁ e¨w³‡`i wPšÍvq eªþ wek¦vZxZ|
Zvn‡j, G Av‡jvPbv †_‡K ejv
hvq †h, e¨envwiK `„wófw½‡Z eªþ‡K m¸Y ejv †M‡jI cvigvw_©K `„wó‡Z eªþ wb¸©Y| Avi
ksK‡ii g‡Z, G cvigvw_©K `„wófw½B mwVK `„wófw½| Z‡e ¯^¸Y eª‡þi c~Rv-AP©bv Z_v
Dcvmbvi DcKvwiZv welqK ksKi A¯^xKvi K‡ibwb| Zuvi g‡Z, eªþ ev Ck¦‡ii Dcvmbvi
Øviv wPËïw× nq, †h wPËïw× Qvov wb¸©Y eª‡þi aviYvB Kiv hvq bv|
ksK‡ii g‡Z, AvZ¥v, eÜb I †gvÿ (Sankars Conception of soul, Bondage
and Liberation)
AvZ¥v: ksK‡ii g‡Z,
Rxe I eªþ GK| AvZ¥vB eªþ| RxevZ¥v I eªþvZ¥v GK I Awfbœ| Dcwbl‡`i ÔZË¡gwmÕ- G
cÖwZ ev‡K¨B AvZ¥v I eª‡þi g‡a¨ †h †Kv‡bv †f` ev cv_©K¨ †bB, Zvi D‡jøL i‡q‡Q|
AvZ¥v †`n I gb †_‡K wfbœ, AvZ¥v ï× ‰PZb¨¯^iƒc| ksK‡ii g‡Z, RxevZ¥v I eªþvZ¥vi
†f`, †Áq I ÁvZvi †f` cÖf„wZ mKj cÖKvi †f`B KwíZ I wg_¨v| AvZ¥v wbZ¨, wbwe©‡kl, ALÊ
I Abv`x| AvZ¥v mr, wPr I Avb›`¯^iƒc| mvaviY AwfÁZvq wZbwU¯Íi jÿYxq| h_v- RvMÖZ, ¯^cœ I mylywß|
mylywßKv‡j †KejgvÎ AvZ¥v ˆPZb¨ _v‡K, †Kv‡bv welq ev wel‡qi ¯§„wZ _v‡K bv| †hUv RvMÖZ
ev ¯^cœve¯’vq we`¨gvb _v‡K| mylyw߇ZB RxevZ¥vi h_v_© ¯^iƒ‡ci Avfvm cvIqv hvq|
mvaK a¨vbgMœ Ae¯’vq AvZ¥vi G ¯^iƒ‡ci cy‡ivcywi Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
eÜb : AvZ¥vi eÜb
ev e× `kv n‡”Q, Awe`¨v ev AÁvbZvi Kvi‡Y AbvZ¥vi m‡½ Rxe‡i GKvZ¥Zv AbyfK Kiv|
AÁvbZvekZB Rxe wb‡R‡K KZ©v, †fv³v I ÁvZv g‡b K‡i Ges RvMwZK myL-`ytL,
†ivM-†kvK‡K Avcb myL-`ytL e‡j Abyfe K‡i| AvZ¥vi h_v_© AfveB Rx‡ei eÜb ev e×
`kvi KviY|
†gvÿ ev †gvÿ jv‡fi Dcvq
AvZ¥vi eÜb ev e×ve¯’v †_‡K gyw³ jvf n‡”Q †gvÿ| GLb cÖkœ n‡jv AvZ¥vi
G eÜb ev e×ve¯’v †_‡K gyw³ jvf Kiv hv‡e wKfv‡e? ksKi
e‡jb, AvZ¥Ávb RvMÖZ n‡j A_©vr AvZ¥Ávjvf Ki‡Z cvi‡j Awe`¨v ev AÁvbZv `~ixf~Z n‡q
Rxe AvZ¥vi h_v_© ¯^iƒc AeMZ nq Ges Rx‡ei G Dcjwä Rv‡M †h, AvZ¥v ¯^iƒcZ eªþ|
RxevZ¥v I cigvZ¥v Awfbœ ev GK| Rx‡ei hLb Dcjwä nq, ZLb Rx‡ei gyw³ ev †gvÿ jvf
N‡U| ksK‡ii g‡Z, ˆew`K hvMhÁ Abyôvb †h‡nZz DcvË I Dcv‡Ëi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ ¯^xKvi
K‡i, †m‡nZz Zv AÁvbZvcÖm~Z I A‰ØZÁv‡bi AšÍivq ¯^iƒc| ZvB wZwb e‡jb †h, AvZ¥Ávb
jv‡fi Rb¨ PZzwe©a mvabvi cÖ‡qvRb| h_v-
– wbZ¨vwbZ¨ e¯‘we‡eK, A_©vr wbZ¨ e¯‘ I AwbZ¨ e¯‘i ga¨Kvi †f`
Ávb jvf Kiv|
– Bnv m~Îv‡_© dj †fvM weivM, A_©vr Bn‡jvK I ci‡jv‡K dj †fv‡M
Abvmw³ ev msmv‡ii hveZxq e¯‘i cÖwZ weivM|
– Ôkg`gvw` mvab m¤úrÕ, A_©vr AšÍwiw›`ªq I ewnwiw›`ªqmg~‡ni
mshg|
– gygyÿË¡ ev gyw³ jv‡fi Rb¨ HKvwšÍK B”Qv|
G mvab jä Ávb e¨ZwZ †gvÿ jvf
m¤¢e bq| KviY evK¨ I gb Øviv eªþ‡K Dcjwä Kiv m¤¢e nq bv ( eªþ AevO gvbm
†MvPig)| c~‡e©v³ mvab PZzóq gygyÿ e¨w³‡K eªþ wRÁvmvi AwaKvix K‡i| Gfv‡e mvavbvi
wm× e¨w³ eªþvÁ ¸iæi KvQ †_‡K AvZ¥Ávb jvf K‡ib|
ksKivPvh© e‡jb, AvZ¥Ávb jv‡fi
Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb wZbwU A½| h_v- kªeY, gbb I wbw`a¨vmb| kªeY n‡”Q cÖ_‡g eªþvÁ ¸iæi Kv‡Q wM‡q kª×v mnKv‡i I
GKwbôfv‡e Dcwbl‡`i evYx kªeY Kiv| wØZxq A½ gbb n‡”Q hyw³-Z‡e©i gva¨‡g Dcwbl‡`i
Zvrch© Dcjwä Kiv| wbw`a¨vmb n‡”Q ¸iæi KvQ †_‡K cÖvß Áv‡bi wbišÍi a¨vb Kiv| G
fv‡e wZbwU A½ AwZµg K‡i AvZ¥Ávb AwR©Z n‡j mKj cÖKvi AÁvbZv `~i n‡e, Dcwbl‡`i
evYx‡Z `„p cÖZ¨q Rb¥v‡e| Ggb Ae¯’vq ¸iæ gygyÿ e¨w³‡K ÔZr Z¡g AwmÕ, A_©vr ÔZzwgB
†m eªþÕ- G cÖwZ ev‡K¨i Dc‡`k w`‡eb| AZtci gygyÿ e¨w³ G evYxi Dci wbišÍi a¨vb
Ki‡eb Ges a¨v‡bi djkÖæwZ‡Z Zvi ÔAvwgB eªþÕ (†mvnng) G m‡Z¨i Dcjwä n‡e| Gfv‡e AvZ¥vi
¯^iƒ‡ci Ávb AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡j Rx‡ei †gvÿ jvf nq| Gfv‡e gyw³ jvf Kivi ciI Rx‡ei
†`n aviY Pj‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e ZLb †gvÿ e¨w³i g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv Ô†`nvZ¥‡evaÕ _v‡K bv| RM‡Zi
cÖwZ †Kv‡bv Avmw³ _v‡K bv| Ggb Ae¯’v‡K ejv nq Rx‡ei Rxeb¥yw³, c~e©R‡b¥i Kg©dj
†fvM †kl n‡q Rx‡ei myL I ¯’~j †`n webó n‡q Zvi we‡`n gyw³ N‡U|
ksK‡ii g‡Z, †gvÿ ev gyw³ jv‡f
AvZ¥v b~Zb wKQz jvf K‡i bv| †Kbbv AvZ¥v Ges †`‡ni GKZ¡‡evaB gyw³, Avi AvZ¥v I
†`n †h GK- G K_v aªæe mZ¨| G mZ¨‡K AÁvbZv Avovj K‡i iv‡L e‡jB AvZ¥v I eª‡þi
g‡a¨ GKwU †f‡`i m„wó nq| AvZ¥Ávb hLb Avovj‡K AwZµg K‡i, ZLb AvZ¥v ¯^iƒ‡c Ae¯’vb
K‡i| GUvB AvZ¥vi †gvÿ ev gyw³| ksK‡ii g‡Z, AvZ¥vi G gyw³ †KejgvÎ `yt‡Li
AvZ¨wšÍK wbe„wËB bq, †gvÿ Ae¯’vq GK Avb›`Nb Ae¯’vI| KviY eªþ Avb›`¯^iƒc Ges eªþ
I RxevZ¥vi GK‡Z¡i DcjwäB n‡jv †gvÿ ev gyw³|
ksK‡ii gvqv ev Awe`¨vi mßav
AbyccwË
ivgvbyR Zuvi kªxfv‡l¨ ksK‡ii
gvqv ev Awe`¨vi mgv‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ Ômßav AbyccwËÕ ev mvZ cÖKv‡ii †`vl †`wL‡q‡Qb|
wb‡gœ GB mßav AbyccwË I Zvi weiæ‡× A‰ØZ‡e`všÍx‡`i DËi¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj:
1| AvkªqZ¡vbyccwË :
ivgvby‡Ri g‡Z ksK‡ii Awe`¨vi †Kvb Avkªq _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| Rxe ev eªþ KvD‡KB
Awe`¨vi Avkªq e‡j wm×všÍ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i bv| eªþ ¯^cÖKvk Ges Ávb¯^iƒc| Kv‡RB Áv‡bi
m‡½ AÁv‡bi we‡iva _vKvq Awe`¨viƒcx AÁvb Áv‡bi Kv‡Q _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| Kv‡RB eªþ
KLbI Awe`¨v ev AÁv‡bi Avkªq n‡Z cv‡ib bv| [2]
Rxe Awe`¨viB m„wó ev Kvh©| Kvh© wKfv‡e Kvi‡Yi Avkªq n‡Z cv‡i? Kv‡RB Rxe Awe`¨vi
Avkªq n‡Z cv‡i bv|
A‰ØZ‡e`všÍxiv Gi Dˇi e‡jb
†h, eªþ Ávb¯^iƒc n‡jI AÁvb ev Awe`¨vi Avkªq n‡Z cv‡i| eª‡þi gvqvkw³‡K hLb
Awe`¨v ejv nq ZLb Zvi h_v_© A_© nj- GB kw³ Rx‡ei g‡a¨ AÁvbZv Drcbœ K‡i|
H›`Rvwj‡Ki B›`ªRvj kw³ †hgb AÁ `k©K‡K cÖZvwiZ K‡i, H›`ªRvwjK wb‡R †hgb Zvi
Qjbvq cÖZvwiZ nb bv, †Zgwb eª‡þi gvqvkw³ AÁ e¨w³‡KB cÖZvwiZ K‡i, eªþ Zvi Øviv
cÖZvwiZ nb bv| ZvQvovI ï× ˆPZb¨ eªþ AÁv‡bi Avkªq n‡Z cv‡i| KviY AšÍtKiY e„wˇZ
cÖwZdwjZ n‡j Áv‡b Ggb GK kw³ mÂvwiZ nq hv AÁvbZv m„wó K‡i| ÔÁv‡bi e„wËm¤úK©B
AÁv‡bi bvkK|Õ Rwe‡KI AÁv‡bi Avkªq ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| evP®úwZ wgkª e‡jb †h exR †hgb
A¼z‡ii Avkªq, A¼ziI †Zgwb ex‡Ri Avkª‡qi Rb¨ Rx‡ei Dci wbf©i GK_v ejvi †Kvb evav
†bB|
2| ¯^iƒcvbyccwË:
ivgvbyR e‡jb †h, A‰ØZ‡e`všÍxiv †h Awe`¨viƒc †`v‡li K_v e‡jb, †mB Awe`¨viƒc †`vl
wK mZ¨, bv wg_¨v? GB †`vl mZ¨ bq, †Kbbv ksKi wb‡RB ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb †h, Awe`¨v mr
bq| hw` Awe`¨v‡K mr e‡j ¯^xKvi Kiv nq Zvn‡j eªþ QvovI Aci GKwU mr e¯‘ ¯^xKvi
Kivi Rb¨ A‰ØZev` ˆØZev‡` cwiYZ nq| GB Awe`¨v‡K wg_¨vI ejv P‡j bv| KviY GB
Awe`¨v wK ÁvZv, †Áq ev Ávb¯^iƒc Zv wbiƒcY Kiv `iKvi| GB wZb †kYxi e¯‘ Qvov Aci
†Kvb e¯‘ Kíbv Kiv hvq bv| A‰ØZ †e`všÍ g‡Z ÁvZv I †Áq cvigvw_©K ev mZ¨ bq, †Kej
Ávb¯^iƒc eªþB mZ¨| GB Awe`¨v‡`vl Ávb¯^iƒc n‡Z cv‡i bv, KviY Ávb¯^iƒc eªþB mZ¨
Ges Ávb¯^iƒc eª‡þi †Kvb †f` ¯^xKvi Kiv P‡j bv| Avevi Awe`¨v‡`v‡li KviY ¯^iƒc
Ab¨ †Kvb Awe`¨v‡`v‡li Kíbv Kiv n‡j ÔAbve¯’v †`vlÕ NU‡e| hw` GB Abve¯’v †`v‡li
cwinv‡ii Rb¨ mª‡þ‡KB †`vliƒcx Kíbv Kiv nq Zvn‡j eªþ †h‡nZz wbZ¨ †mB †`v‡li Avi
wbe„wË n‡e bv| myZivs †`vl hw` webó bv nq, gyw³jvfI m¤¢e n‡e bv| ZvQvov eªþB
hw` †`vliƒcx nb Zvn‡j wZwb RMriƒc cÖc‡Âi cÖZxwZi g~j KviY †nZ cv‡ib| cÖcW‡n&Qi
b¨vq Aci GKwU Awe`¨v Kíbvi wK cÖ‡qvRb? Kv‡RB eªþ †_‡K ¯^Zš¿fv‡e Awe`¨vi mZ¨Zv
¯^xKvi bv Ki‡j RMr åvšÍ ev wg_¨v n‡Z cv‡i bv& Kv‡RB Awe`¨vi ¯^iƒc cÖgvY Kiv
hvq bv|
Gi Dˇi A‰ØZ‡e`všÍxiv e‡jb,
Awe`¨v cieª‡þi kw³| RMr cÖP GB kw³iB cwiYvg| ï× ˆPZb¨ GB Awe`¨vi Awaôvb, hv‡K
Avkªq K‡iB Awe`¨vi cwiYvg N‡U| ï× ˆPZb¨ Qvov Awe`¨v-†`v‡li KviY wn‡m‡e Ab¨vb¨
†`v‡li Kíbvi †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb †bB|
3| Awbe©PbxqZ¡vbyccwË :
ksKi Awe`¨v‡K Awbe©Pbxq e‡j‡Qb| KviY Awe`¨v Ômr-IÕ bq Avevi ÔAmr-IÕ bq| ivgvbyR
e‡jb †h, Ôme©vP cÖZxwZt m`m`vKviv|Õ mË¡ ev AmË¡ iƒ‡cB c`v‡_©i cÖZxwZ nq| c`v_©
nq mr wKsev Amr n‡e, wKš‘ mr-I bq, Amr-I bq, GBiƒc c`v‡_©i Aw¯ÍZ¡ †bB| Kv‡RB
A‰ØZ¡‡e`všÍxiv hLb Awe`¨v‡K Awbe©Pbxq e‡jb ZLb Zvi mg_©‡b †Kvb hyw³ †bB|
A‰ØZ¡‡e`všÍxiv e‡jb †h, c`v_©
†h Awbe©Pbxq n‡Z cv‡i cÖZ¨ÿ, Abygvb †_‡KB Zvi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| å‡gi †ejvq ïw³‡Z
hLb iRZ cÖZ¨ÿ nq| GB cÖZ¨ÿB Awbe©Pbxq Awe`¨vi cÖgvY| ïw³‡Z hLb iRZ cÖZ¨ÿ nq,
ZLb Zv‡K G‡Kev‡i AjxK ejv P‡j bv| KviY AvKvkKzmy‡gi gZ ev eܨvcy‡Îi gZ Zv wbQK
AjxK bq, Avevi ïw³i Ávb n‡j hLb iR‡Zi wg_¨v Ávb `~ixf~Z nq, ZLb Zv‡K Ômr-IÕ ejv
hvq bv| Kv‡RB iRZ ÔAmr-IÕ bq Avevi Ômr-IÕ bq| myZivs G‡K Awbe©Pbxq ejv Qvov
†Kvb Dcvq †bB|
4| wZ‡ivavbvbyccwË :
A‰ØZ¡ †e`všÍ g‡Z Awe`¨v eª‡þi cÖKvk‡K Ave„Z K‡i| wKš‘ ivgvbyR e‡jb, eªþ ¯^qs
cÖKvk| Kv‡RB Awe`¨v hw` eª‡þi cÖKvkK‡K Ave„Z K‡i Zvn‡j Aek¨B ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e †h
eª‡þi cÖKv‡ki wZ‡ivavb ev we‡jvc N‡U|
Gi Dˇi A‰ØZ¡‡e`všÍxiv e‡jb
†h, Mvp †g‡N hLb m~h© Ave„Z nq ZLb Zv cÖK…Zc‡ÿ m~h©‡K AveiY K‡i bv, `ªóvi
cÖZ¨ÿ‡K Ave„Z K‡i gvÎ| †g‡Ni Avei‡Y cÖKvkgq m~‡h©i wZ‡ivavb N‡U bv| †gN AšÍwn©Z
n‡jB m~h© cÖKvwkZ nq| Awe`¨vi Avei‡Y eª‡þi cÖKv‡ki wZ‡ivavb N‡U bv| eª‡þi h_v_©
¯^iƒc Rx‡ei `„wó‡Z cÖwZfvZ nq bv, GB gvÎ|
5| cÖgvYvbyccwË: ivgvbyR
e‡jb †h, Awe`¨v †h fve-c`v_© Zv cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨ A‰ØZ¡‡e`všÍxiv cÖZ¨ÿ, Abygvb,
AvMg, A_©vcwË cÖf…wZ Dc¯’vwcZ K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ GB me cÖgvY Awe`¨vi Aw¯ÍZ¡ cÖgvY
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †hgb- A‰ØZ¡‡e`všÍxiv e‡jb †h, ÔAvwg AÁÕ ev ÔAvwg Avgv‡K wKsev Aci
KvD‡KI Rvwb bvÕ - GB me cÖgvY K‡i †h, Awe`¨v fve c`v_©| G mKj †ÿ‡Î †h AÁv‡bi
cÖZxwZ nq Zv cÖZ¨ÿ cÖgv‡Yi welq| GB AÁvb Afve-c`v_© bq, fve-c`v_©| ÔAvwg AÁÕ
BZ¨vw` Abyfe ev Ávb KLbI AvZ¥MZ Ávbvfv‡ei welq n‡Z cv‡i bv, KviY GB ÔAÁZ¡Õ
Abyfe hLb _v‡K ZLb AvZ¥vi Ávb we`¨vgvbB _v‡K, bZzev AvZ¥vi Øviv wb‡Ri AÁZv KLbI
Abyf~Z n‡Z cv‡i bv|AZGe GB AÁvb ÔfveÕ c`v_©| ivgvbyR e‡jb †h, ÔAvwg AÁÕ- GB
cÖZ¨ÿ, Áv‡bi Afve m~Pbv K‡i| Kv‡RB cÖZ¨ÿ fveiƒc Awe`¨vi cÖgvY n‡Z cv‡I bv|
ivgvby‡Ri g‡Z AÁvb A-Ávb ev Ávb bq GB fv‡eB wm× n‡e, ÔAÁvbÕ e‡j GKwU c„_K
e¯‘iƒ‡c ¯^qswm× n‡e bv| Ávbvfve ej‡j ÔÁvb †bBÕ GBiƒc Afve iƒ‡cB Ávbvfve K_vwU‡K
†jv‡K e¨envi K‡I, †mBiƒc ÔAvwg AÁÕ, ÔAvwg Avgv‡K Ges Aci KvD‡KI Rvwb bvÕ BZ¨vw`
†ÿ‡Î GB AÁvb‡K Afveiƒ‡cB ¯^xKvi Kiv KZ©e¨, Afvee¯‘I AwZwi³ fvee¯‘iƒ‡c Kíbvi
†Kvb KviY †`Lv hvq bv|
Gi Dˇi A‰ØZ¡‡e`všÍxiv e‡jb
†h, ÔAvwg AÁÕ- GB cÖZ¨ÿ, Áv‡bi Afve m~Pbv K‡i bv| Afv‡e Ávb c‡ivÿfv‡e nq|
Abycjwä cÖgv‡Yi mvnv‡h¨B Afv‡ei Ávb nq| ÁvZv hLb e‡jb †h Avwg AÁ ZLb wZwb wb‡Ri
AÁZv mvÿvrfv‡e cÖZ¨ÿ K‡ib|
6| wbeZ©KvbyccwË:
ksK‡ii g‡Z wbwe©‡kl eªþ-Ávb †_‡KB Awe`¨vi wbe„wË mvab nq| ivgvby‡Ri g‡Z wbe©‡kl
eª‡þi Áv‡b Awe`¨v `~wif~Z n‡Z cv‡i bv| kÖæwZ, ¯§„wZ, cyivY cÖf„wZ‡Z eªþ‡K
wbwe©‡kl ejv nq wb, mwe‡kl m¸YB ejv n‡q‡Q| ivgvby‡Ri g‡Z m¸Y eªþ ev Ck¦‡ii ÁvbB
Rxe‡i eÜb gyw³i Dcvq| Rxe eª‡þi H‡K¨i Ávb hv Awe`¨v bvk Ki‡Z cv‡i e‡j
A‰ØZ‡e`všÍxiv g‡b K‡ib, Zv wg_¨v| Kv‡RB wg_¨A ÁAb‡K `yi Ki‡Z n‡j Aci GK Áv‡bi
cÖ‡qvRb n‡e|
GB Awf‡hv‡Mi Dˇi
A‰ØZ‡e`všÍxiv e‡jb †h, kÖæwZ, ¯§„wZ I cyiv‡Y wb¸©Y I m¸Y Dfq cÖKvË¡ eª‡þiB
cwiPq cvIqv hvq| m¸Y eªþ Awe`¨v KwíZ, Z‡e m¸Y eª‡þi Dcvmbv wb¸©Y eªþÁv‡bi
Dcvq¯^iƒc|
7| wbe„˨vbyccwË:
ivgvby‡Ri g‡Z Awe`¨vi wbe„wË m¤¢e bq, KviY Ggb †Kvb Ávb †bB hvi Øviv Awe`¨vi
wbe„wË n‡Z cv‡i| mKvg K‡g©i Rb¨B Rx‡ei AÁvbZv, Kv‡RB e„þ I AvZ¥vi A‡f` ev GKZ¡
Áv‡b †mB Awe`¨vi wbe„wË n‡Z cv‡i bv|
A‰ØZ‡e`všÍxiv e‡jb, Rxe-eª‡þi
HK¨ Áv‡bB Awe`¨vi wbe„wË nh| AÁvbZvekZt AbvZ¥vi m‡½ AvZ¥vi GKvZ¥Zv Abyfe Kivi
Rb¨B Rx‡ei e×`kv, AvZ¥Áv‡bi D`q n‡jB AÁAbZv `~ixf~Z nq|
mgv‡jvPbv
– ksKivPvh© RMZ‡K wg_¨v
e‡j‡Qb wKš‘ RMZ‡K wg_¨v cÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ ch©vß hyw³ †`b wb|
– ksKi e‡jb, Rx‡ei ga¨
w`‡q eªþ wb‡R‡K cÖKvk K‡i| wKš‘ GwU wKfv‡e m¤¢e Zv ¯úó bq|
– ksKi AvZ¥v‡K eªþ
e‡j‡Qb| wKš‘ GwU cÖgv‡Y wZwb ch©vß hyw³ †`b wb|
– ksKi A‰ØZev`‡K
k~Y¨ev` †_‡K c„_K e‡jb| wKš‘ cÖK„Zc‡ÿ G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †Zgb †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB|
– ksKi gvqv‡K wbZ¨
e‡j‡Qb, wKš‘ gvqv wbZ¨ n‡j Gi wbeZ©K Ávb m¤¢e bq|
Dcmsnvi
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, bvbvwea
mgv‡jvPbv _vKv m‡Ë¡I ksK‡ii A‰ØZev‡`i ¸iæZ¡ A¯^xKvi Kiv hvq bv| Zuvi A‰ØZev`
ïaygvÎ fviZxq `k©‡bi †ÿ‡Î bq, we‡k¦i `vk©wbK wPšÍvavivi †ÿ‡Î GK cig g~j¨evb
m¤ú`| ZvwË¡K MfxiZv, m~² wePvi-eyw× I ewjô wPšÍvavivi †h Mfxi cwiPq ksKi-`k©‡b
cvIqv hvq Zv GK K_vq AZzjbxq| †h m~² wePvieyw× I hyw³Z‡K©i mvnv‡h¨ wZwb
cÖwZc‡ÿi gZvgZ¸wj LÊb K‡i‡Qb Zv wbtm‡Ü‡n we¯§qKi| ¯^vfvweK I ¯^ZtùzZ©fv‡e Zuvi
wPšÍaviv e‡q P‡j‡Q Ges GBfv‡e wZwb Zuvi `vk©wbK gZ cÖwZôv K‡i‡Qb| ksKivPv‡h©i
cÖewZ©Z A‰ØZev‡`i g~j K_v nj- G RMr cÖK…wZi cwiYvg bq, eª‡þiI cwiYvg bq| G RMr
eª‡þi weeZ©b ev åvšÍ cÖKvk gvÎ| ksK‡ii g‡Z, AvZ¥v ev e„þB GKgvÎ mZ¨| AvZ¥v ev
eªþ ˆPZb¨gq I m‡›`nvZxZ mZ¨| Zuvi gn‡Ë¡i K_v D‡jøL Ki‡Z wM‡q ivavK…òb e‡jb †h,
ÒksKi Avgv‡`i mZ¨‡K fvjevm‡Z, hyw³‡K kª×v Ki‡Z Ges Rxe‡bi D‡Ïk¨‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z
wkwL‡q‡Qb| Ó
Bibliography
1)
†Nvl
i‡g›`ªbv_, fviZxq `k©b, XvKv, evsjv
GKv‡Wgx, 1983|
2)
†mb¸ß
cÖ‡gv`eÜz, fviZxq `k©b, wØZxq LÊ, KjKvZv,
e¨vbvRx© cvewjkvm©, 1990|
3) ingvb gvneyeyi †gv:, fviZxq
`k©b, XvKv, BQvgwZ cÖKvkbx, 2011|
No comments:
Post a Comment