Home Work on Church History (Fr. Dilip Costa), Pope Eugene II, 2nd Home Work

†cvc 2q BDwRb

(†g 824 wLªóvã - AvM÷ 827 wLªóvã)

 

wcªÝ †nbix mœvj

1g el©, 1g wkÿvel©-2013

 

†cvc 2q BDwRb (Latin name: Eugenius II) †iv‡g Rb¥ MÖnY K‡ib (Zuvi Rb¥ ZvwiL †Kv_vI D‡jøL †bB)| wZwb gÊjxi 99Zg †cvc| Zuvi c~e©myix wQ‡jb 1g cv¯‹vj Ges DËivwaKvix wQ‡jb †f‡j›UvBb| The Annales Einhard (Monumenta Germanica Historica: Scriptores 1:212) Abymv‡i †cvc 2q BDwRb wQ‡jb †mB›U mvwebv (St. Sabina) Gi cÖavb cyiwnZ| wZwb wQ‡jb †iv‡gi GKRb bvMwiK Ges hvi d‡j †cvc 1g cv¯‹v‡ji g„Zz¨i ci †cvc c`cÖv_©x wn‡m‡e ¯’vbxq MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³e‡M©i mg_©b jvf K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K mvaviY RbMY Øviv MwVZ ¶z`ª ivR‰bwZK `j mg_©bcyó wRwÄbym (Zinzinnus), Zuvi wecix‡Z †cvc c`cÖv_©x wn‡m‡e Ae¯’vb MÖnY K‡ib| d«¨v¼ mgªvU jyBm `¨v wcDm (Louis the Pious)-Gi cyÎ 1g jy_vBi (Lothair I)-Gi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z mdj wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| 1g jy_vBi (Lothair I)-Gi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vwqZ¡ wQj bewbe©vwPZ †cv‡ci KZ©„cÿ wn‡m‡e KvR Kiv| †mB my‡hv‡M 1g jy_vBi (Lothair I) †cvcxq cÖkvm‡bi eûwea Awbqg I wek„•Ljv cÖwZKvi K‡ib Ges bZzb wjwLZ AvBb cÖeZ©b K‡ib †h, ïaygvÎ d«¨v¼ mgªvU Øviv ¯^xK…Z I Aby‡gvw`Z †cvcMYB gÊjxi cÖK…Z †cvc wn‡m‡e Kg©m¤úv`‡b I cwiwPwZ jv‡f mÿg n‡eb|

`vwqZ¡ MÖnY

†cvc 1g cv¯‹v‡ji g„Zz¨i ci †g 824 wLªóv‡ã †cvc 2q BDwRb Kv_wjK gÊjxi 99Zg †cvc wn‡m‡e wbe©vwPZ nb| c~e©eZ©x †cvc 1g cv¯‹vj (Paschal I)-Gi †cvcxq kvmbvg‡j †ivgvb AwfRvZ e¨w³e‡M©i ÿgZv e„w× †c‡j wZwb Zv †iva Ki‡Z me©vZ¥Kfv‡e †Póv K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K †ivgvb AwfRvZ e¨w³eM© †cvc 1g cv¯‹vj (Paschal I)-Gi wecix‡Z Zv‡`i Ae¯’vb `„p Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ d«¨v¼‡`i mg_©‡b D‡`¨vMx nb| ZvB 1g cv¯‹vj (Paschal I)-Gi g„Zz¨i ci GB †ivgvb AwfRvZ e¨w³eM© Zv‡`i wbR¯^ GKRb cÖv_©x‡K (†cvc 1g BDwRb) Zuvi DËivwaKvix wn‡m‡e cÖwZ¯’vcb Ki‡Z kªgmva¨ †Póv K‡ib Ges ejv hvq †h, G‡ÿ‡Î Zviv mdjZv jvf Ki‡Z mÿg nb| A_©vr †cvc 1g BDwRb Zv‡`i mn‡hvMxZvq †cv‡ci DËivwaKvix Ges Ae‡k‡l †cvc wn‡m‡e wbe©vwPZ nb| hw`I 769 wLªóv‡ã 4_© w÷‡d‡bi Aax‡b cwiPvwjZ †ivgvb KvDwÝj (Roman Council) Gi Av‡`k (Decree) Abyhvqx Zv‡`i †cvcxq wbe©vP‡b n¯Í‡ÿc Kivi †Kvb AwaKvi wQj bv| wjevi cw›UwdKvwjm (Liber Pontificalis)-Gi c~e© ms¯‹i‡Y Zv‡`i cÖv_©x‡K †evgvÛ (Boemund)-Gi cyÎ e‡j D‡jøL Kiv n‡qwQj, wKš‘ mv¤cÖwZK ms¯‹i‡Y Zuvi wcZvi bvg cÖKvk Kiv nq wb| hv‡nvK, †cvc 1g BDwRb‡K Zuvi †cvcxq kvmbvg‡j AwZ m‡PZbZvi mv‡_ Kg©m¤úv`b Ki‡Z n‡qwQj|

d«¨v¼‡`i cÖfve

†cvc 1g BDwRb (Eugene I) †cvc wn‡m‡e wbe©vwPZ nIqvUv d«¨v¼‡`i Rb¨ GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© weRq wQj †Kbbv wZwb m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Zv‡`i AvbyMZ¨ †g‡b wb‡qwQ‡jb| ZvB Zviv †iv‡gi cÖkvmwbK Kvh© m¤úv`‡b Zv‡`i Ae¯’vb Av‡iv my`„p Ki‡Z w¯’i msKí MÖnY K‡ib| Z`bymv‡i mgªvU jyBm `¨v wcDm (Louis the Pious), Zuvi cyÎ 1g jy_vBi (Lothair I)-†K d«¨v¼ cÖfve Av‡iv kw³kvjx Ki‡Z †iv‡g †cÖiY K‡ib| †ivgvb AwfRvZ e¨w³eM© hviv c~e©eZ©x mgªv‡Ui ivRZ¡Kv‡j d«v‡Ý wbe©vwmZ n‡qwQ‡jb Zv‡`i‡K cybivq wd‡i Avmvi Rb¨ Av‡`k Kiv nq Ges cieZ©x‡Z Zv‡`i ev‡Rqvß m¤úwËmg~n cybivq wdwi‡q †`Iqv nq| Kbw÷UzwkI †ivgvbv (Constitutio Romana) -†Z M„nxZ AvBb hv mgªvU Ges †cv‡ci ga¨Kvi m¤ú‡K©i e¨vcv‡i 824 wLªóv‡ã w¯’i msK‡í DcbxZ nq †h, †Kvb †cvcB cÖK…Z †cvc wn‡m‡e Kg©m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv hw` bv d«¨v¼ mgªvU Øviv ¯^xK…Z I Aby‡gvw`Z bv nq|

gÊjx‡Z †cvc 1g BDwR‡bi Ae`vb 

†cvc 1g BDwRb (Eugene I)-Gi †cvcxq kvmbvg‡j Iconoclasm^[1] åvšÍgZev` cybivq DwÌZ nq (Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Concilia 2: 473-551)| 1g jy_vBi (Lothair I) †ivg †Q‡o hvIqvi ci ciB evBRv›UvBb mgªvU 2q gvB‡Kj (Michael II, 820-829) Ges w_Iwdjym (Theophilus, 829-842)-Gi cÖwZwbwaMY ivD‡qb (Rouen)-G b‡f¤^i 17, 824 wLªóv‡ã d«¨v¼ mgªvU jyBm (Louis)-Gi Kv‡Q Dcw¯’Z nb| Zv‡`i jÿ¨ wQj ag©xq Dcvmbvj‡q †Kvb cÖKvi Qwe ev g~wZ© c~Rv ev Avivabv Kiv †_‡K RbMY‡K weiZ ivLv A_©vr Zviv Iconoclasm åvšÍ gZev`‡K cybtcÖwZ¯’v Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj| ZvB cÖvP¨ gÊjx Iconoclasm wel‡q †h cÖkœ K‡i‡Q Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z d«¨v¼ mgªvU jyBm (Louis) Zvi wKQz D”Pc`¯’ Kg©Pvix‡K †cv‡ci wbKU †cÖiY K‡ib| d«¨v¼ mgªvU cÖ_g ch©v‡q GB we‡kl Kvh© m¤úv`‡b e¨v_© nb| wKš‘ wZwb †cv‡ci KvQ †_‡K D³ wel‡q Av‡jvPbvc~e©K w¯’i wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi wbwg‡Ë weÁ wekcMY hviv HkZË¡we` wQ‡jb Zv‡`i wb‡q b‡f¤^i 01, 825 wLªóv‡ã GKwU mfv AvnŸv‡bi Rb¨ GKwU we‡kl AbygwZ jvf K‡ib| †mB eQ‡ii †kl w`‡K cwðgv kvmKMY †cv‡ci wbKU GKwU cÎ †cÖiY K‡ib Ges †mLv‡b D‡jøL wQj, †cvc †hb Zuvi †hvM¨ cÖwZwbwa d«¨v¼ D”Pc`¯’ Kg©Pvix‡`i m‡½ cwðgv gÊjxi Iconoclasm wel‡q †h gZ Zv Dc¯’vc‡bi j‡ÿ¨ Kb&÷vw›U‡bvc‡j †cÖiY K‡ib| †cvc 1g BDwRb (Eugene I) D³ wel‡q AbygwZ `vb Ki‡eb wKbv GB wel‡q mgªvU jyBm kw¼Z wQ‡jb (ibid. 2:533)| hv‡nvK, cieZ©x‡Z †cvc D‡jøwLZ wel‡q †Kvb cÖKvi c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb wKbv A_©vr cÖv‡P¨i gÊjxi wbKU †Kvb cÖwZwbwa ev †Kvb cÎ †cÖiY K‡iwQ‡jb wKbv †mB wel‡q †Kvb wKQz Rvbv hvq wb|

†cvc 1g BDwRb (Eugene I) 826 wLªóv‡ã 62 Rb wekc‡`i wb‡q GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ag©mfvi AvnŸvb K‡ib Ges †mLv‡b 38wU Avbymvw½K wbqg-Kvbyb cÖKvk Kiv nq| Dc¯’vwcZ wbqg-Kvby‡bi gva¨Kvi we‡kl K‡qKwU Aby‡”Q` Øviv Aby‡gq †h †cvc 1g BDwRb (Eugene I) wkÿvi Dci AZ¨waK †Rvi w`‡qwQ‡jb| GQvovI cybivq gÊjxi k„•Ljv Avbqb, RbM‡Yi wkÿv`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ we`¨vjq wbg©vY, cyiwnZ‡`i ag©xqfvec~Y© †cvkvK-cwi”Q` cwiavb Ges †h mKj cyiwnZMY RvMwZK KvRK‡g© AZ¨axK wbhy³ Zv‡`i‡K †m mKj Kg© †_‡K weiZ _vKv BZ¨vw` welqvw`i Dci ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv nq| †cvc 1g BDwRb (Eugene I)  Mixe, weaev, Ges GwZg‡`i Kj¨vYv‡_© wewea cÖ‡`kmg~n MÖnY K‡ib| ZvB Zuv‡K “Father of the People” e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv nq| 

†cvc 1g BDwRb (Eugene I) Gi Ab¨ Avi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb nj, wZwb 826 wLªóv‡ãi †k‡li w`‡K †Wbgv‡K© wb‡qvwRZ wLªóevYx cÖPviK mvay AvÝMvi (St. Ansgar) Ges Zuvi mn‡hvMx‡`i wgkbvix Kg©m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ we‡kl mvnvh¨ I mn‡hvMxZv cÖ`v‡bi wbðqZv cÖ`vb K‡ib| †mB mv‡_ wZwb Zuv‡`i GB gnvb K‡g©i Rb¨ cÖksmv K‡ib|  

g„Zz¨ 

†cvc 1g BDwRb (Eugene I) 27 AvM÷ 827 wLªóv‡ã †iv‡g g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib Ges cÖ_vbyhvqx Zuv‡K mvay wcZ‡ii gnvgw›`‡i mgvwnZ Kiv nq|

Bibliogrphy

1.      New Catholic Encyclopedia, 2^nd ed., v.5, s.v. ‘Eugene II, Pope’, by H. G. J. Beck.

2.      The Encyclopedia Americana, 2001, v.10, s.v. ‘Eugene II’, by Marion A. Habig, O.F.M.

3.      KELLY, J. N. D. : The Oxford Dictionary of Pope. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1986.

4.      CASTLE, Tony and Peter McGrath: On this Rock. The Popes and their times: St. Peter to John Paul II, London, St. Pauls, 2002.

5.      Websites and Links :    

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[1] Iconoclasm GKwU åvšÍgZ| MÖxK kã eikon (cÖwZK…wZ) Ges klaein (fMœ Kiv) †_‡K Iconoclasm kãwUi DrcwË n‡q‡Q| GB gZvbymv‡i ag©xq wPÎ I g~wZ© ivLv ev kª×v Kiv wbwq×| GB aŸsmKvix g‡Zi cÖeZ©K n‡jb evBRv›UvBb (Byzantine) mgªvU Z…Zxq wjI (Leo III)| wZwb 726 Ges 730 wLªóv‡ã ci ci `yÕwU Av‡`k †lvlYv K‡ib: Ò†h †Kvb cÖKvi ag©xq Qwe ev g~wZ© aŸsm Ki‡Z n‡e| †h †KD GB AbykvmwbK wewai we‡ivwaZv Ki‡e, †m `wÛZ n‡e|Ó    (dv: wR. AvMw÷b, wLªógÊjxi BwZnvm, K…òbMi, mvay †hv‡md †Uªwbs BbwówUDU Ad& wcÖw›Us,  2005, c„-87|)